- Treatments
- Brain Tumors
Craniotomy and Excision of Brain Tumour
This procedure is performed for patients who:
- Have a brain tumour that needs to be removed to relieve symptoms or prevent further complications
- Experience symptoms like headaches, seizures, vision problems, or difficulty with movement or speech due to the tumour
- Require a biopsy to determine the nature of the tumour (benign or malignant)
Why Is a Craniotomy Performed?
How Is the Procedure Performed?
Preparation
- The patient is placed under general anaesthesia, though some cases may require the patient to remain awake (awake craniotomy) to monitor brain function.
- Imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans, are used to map the tumour’s location and its relationship to nearby brain structures.
Performing the Craniotomy
- An incision is made in the scalp, and a section of the skull is carefully removed to access the brain.
- The dura mater (the protective covering of the brain) is opened to expose the tumour.
Tumour Excision
- The STA is gently attached to the MCA using tiny sutures under a microscope to create a new pathway for blood flow.
Closing the Surgical Site
- The dura is stitched closed, the removed section of the skull is replaced and secured with plates or screws, and the skin incision is closed with sutures or staples.
Benefits of Craniotomy and Tumour Excision
- Symptom Relief: Reduces pressure on the brain, alleviating symptoms like headaches, seizures, or neurological deficits.
- Improved Diagnosis and Treatment: Provides tissue samples for diagnosis and helps guide further treatments like radiation or chemotherapy.
- Potential Cure: In some cases, complete removal of the tumour eliminates the condition.
- Multiple Burr Hole Surgery: Small holes are drilled in the skull to promote blood flow from the scalp vessels to the brain.
Risks and Complications
As with any major surgery, potential risks include:
- Infection or Bleeding: Common risks associated with surgery.
- Neurological Deficits: Temporary or permanent changes in memory, movement, or speech may occur, depending on the tumour’s location.
- Swelling or Seizures: Brain swelling or seizures may occur post-surgery but can be managed with medications.
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Leak: Rare but may require additional treatment.
Who Is a Candidate for This Procedure?
- Have brain tumours that are accessible and can be safely removed without significant damage to surrounding structures
- Are experiencing symptoms that significantly affect their quality of life
- Are in good general health and able to tolerate surgery
Recovery and Aftercare
- Hospital Stay: Most patients stay in the hospital for 5–7 days for monitoring and initial recovery.
- Recovery Period: Full recovery may take weeks to months, depending on the tumour’s location and the complexity of the surgery.
- Rehabilitation: Some patients may require physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech therapy to regain lost functions.
- Follow-Up Care: Regular imaging, such as MRI scans, ensures the tumour has been completely removed and monitors for any recurrence.
How It Differs from Other Treatments
- Craniotomy and Tumour Excision: Provides direct access to the brain, allowing for complete or near-complete tumour removal.
- Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Non-invasive, suitable for smaller tumours but may take time to achieve results.
- Biopsy Only: Used for diagnosis when complete excision is not feasible.
Outcomes & Conclusion
The success of a craniotomy depends on factors such as the size, type, and location of the tumour, as well as the patient’s overall health. Many patients experience significant relief from symptoms and improved quality of life. Long-term outcomes may vary and depend on the nature of the tumour and additional treatments.
Craniotomy and excision of a brain tumour is a critical and effective surgical procedure for treating brain tumours. By removing the tumour, this approach can relieve symptoms, improve diagnosis, and offer potential long-term relief. With proper recovery and follow-up care, many patients achieve excellent outcomes and a better quality of life.
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